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Archive for October, 2010

 Where are we heading in “Modern” Health Services?

Although I am aware that there are significant differences between health services in different countries -and in fact within the same country-; as health worker, we all share an underlying commonality to a certain degree. I am writing this article under the assumption that, in this current era of “globalisation” and “standardisation”, there is a universal demand for the “modernisation” of health services. The health system has been forced to incorporate, within its constitution, terms such as health delivery management, strategic planning, strategic improvement, governance and quality, amongst many other fashionable words brandished around these days (the likes of which, yours truly finds confusing sometimes). However, we must accept that all of the above are part of the continuous evolution of the health service.

Before I proceed further, I would like to clarify to the readers the use of the word “modernising” in the context of this article. Here, I am referring to the involvement of numerous and diverse areas of expertise (e.g. business, aviation) within the field of health. This new approach has placed additional expectations on the clinicians, requiring them to possess reasonable knowledge in various fields. These skills include management, budgeting, cost, strategic development and other tasks which were previously left to the administration ‘to deal with’, whereas we clinicians were expected to focus on improving our clinical skills and, even more importantly, satisfying /managing our patients. I imagine that many of you will agree with me that this is a very nostalgic view, which is rarely found in this modern day and age.

I am not going to bore you with details about the health service where I work, as I do not believe it to be of significant importance; it would in fact defeat the purpose of provoking a debate relating to the key question of this article (i.e. the title). It would suffice to say that there is a pressure, as a health provider, to embrace a great deal of management, business and budgeting concepts. I am like most clinicians; work in a rapidly “modernising” health system.  Hopefully, once the reader continues scanning through the article, they will understand why I elected to use this generalization.

My guess is when we look at “modernizing” health services in different countries there appear to be a significant difference between them at first glance but once we “dig deep” and examine in depth the fundamental structure of most of the health services (wither it is private, governmental, insured, free or hybrid) I assume that the reader will find common points, at least partially.

 I, as a health provider find myself in a strange position of being instructed to be knowledgeable about “quality ” , “management”, “strategic planning” ,”updating my evidence based knowledge” , “understanding the fundamentals of accounting and budgeting”  amongst many other words, which my memory could barely remember ,let alone grasp.

The main problem is all of the above are dictated to me by different parties whose priorities (rightly or wrongly) lie within their own “primary target”.  

One could argue that all of the above could be part of one thing and by doing one; this will lead to the achievement of the others (i.e. domino effect). This is a point which I hope my article would encourage debating.

From my humble point of view, I still cannot cope with all “the priorities” I am bombarded with and I do find contradiction in many of them; especially when it comes to (if we break it down in to a simple, old fashioned targets) patients’ care versus cost which- rightly or wrongly- in my opinion, what the main issue boils up to (this is again a controversial statement and subjected to debate).

I am here not to find a solution or to offer an “ideal” way to balance a juggling act, as I am still picking up the pieces and trying again and again to be able to pull up the act efficiently in front of many anticipating audiences, each looking at me from a different angle with different expectation.

I wish that I could say that I managed but the reality is that I could not. My department and my hospital could not and more importantly my health service leaders cannot which is the most worrying concern because it is these “experts” who are suppose to guide us,  yet sometimes you feel that the blind leading the blind.

So what happened in a decade or so to lead us; and I apologies for the generalization; to be entangled in this “modernizing” health service?

I myself are nostalgic for the day when we say patient comes first and we DO mean patient comes first. Yet, I find myself focusing less on patients and looking more at statistics, strategies, missions, visions, audits, surveys etc and although (please do not get me wrong) I am all for the above, but it is becoming harder and harder to balance my already flawed juggling act.

Allow me to give an example to demonstrate what I mean. As a consultant psychiatrist, I obviously posses skills that my colleagues may lack or are not be “privileged/ technically speaking” to carry. An example for a surgeon is a type of surgical procedure, for a radiologist a special radiological technique. In my case a therapy for certain disorders that required years of supervision and learning. Again, one may argue that I should take responsibility and that this is my own fault as I should transferred my knowledge to my colleges, but here where the dilemma lie, as time, ethics are against me. Clinically I am expected to priorities my time but this raises another dilemma as my time is not entirely in my hand and the vicious cycle goes on.   

Let me give a real life example which I hope will demonstrate the above argument. When I joined my current department I started (naively) to accept undertaking therapy for patients with personality disorder (i.e. a condition which requires specific skills learned through years of supervision and practice) as the waiting list was long, and I was the only person with the expertise to manage this population. I went to my secretary and with an authoritative instruction, told her to arrange booking one hour a day every Tuesday at 11am for at least 20 weeks minimum, with the possibility of increasing the number of session. The poor secretary looked at me and did the necessary.  After two sessions of relatively positive rapport building with my client, the time for the third session approached.  As the time for the session came my secretary called and informed me that there is a “mandatory” emergency meeting for all heads of department with the human resources to discuss an extremely important issue. Dilemma again, what should I do?  I thought that our motto of “do no harm” and ethically as my patient has a real risk of feeling abandoned (which could have a catastrophic effect on therapy) and more important could lead to risk of serious self harm, I made the decision not to attend the meeting and see the patient instead.

Next day, a warning letter was delivered to me through my work email and due to my absence (even though I have sent the reason, and asked one of my colleges to attend the meeting) our department has lost in term of some administrative decision making.

That was my baptism of fire and my welcome to the modern health care. As a head of department I find myself more and more involved in writing the ideal setting to serve our clients but the time consumed in this preventing me from doing exactly what I am writing!.

I wish that the issue is related to me only, but even down the “chain of command” each member of my staff is finding it more and more difficult to focus on patient, and more of their work involving replaying to emails, cutting cost, achieving targets, filling endless forms, auditing, teaching, gathering educational hours, coming with initiatives, fulfilling their objectives in the appraisal and much much more.

I hope that my experience and my words echoes with similar experiences with the readers and as I have mentioned in the beginning, I am not looking for solution but I am hoping to provoke a serious debate about where are we heading in this era of so called “modernisation” and is the involvement of many parties and philosophies in the process beneficial to the end result (patients)?.

I am looking forward for a thought provoking debate and would be grateful for any of the readers from different evolving health services to share their thoughts and opinions.

The new era of Emissions Awareness
The world’s leading scientists continue to stress the evidence supporting climate change grows stronger with new research.

Everyday, more people and businesses are becoming aware of the impact of the carbon emissions caused by their everyday activities on the environment. Some people are aware and doing something about it. But a lot of people think doing a little bit is enough. The truth is if you do a little you achieve a little. We need to make deep cuts in carbon emissions and help drive investment in low-carbon solutions.

But what can you do? An increasingly popular option is to offset carbon and become carbon neutral.

Offset Carbon and be Carbon Neutral
To carbon offset is to reduce or stop carbon emissions somewhere else in the world for some of the carbon emissions you are responsible in your daily life. If you offset carbon emissions equivalent to the carbon emissions of all your activities in one year, then you are carbon neutral.

You use a carbon credit to offset carbon emissions. A carbon credit generally represents one tonne of carbon emissions reduced in a carbon project somewhere else in the world.

However, there has been some concerns about the calibre of carbon credits available to offset carbon emissions.

Most carbon offset projects use carbon credits created from trees or renewable projects. While these sound attractive there are concerns about using them as carbon offsets. A third type of carbon credit, a carbon emissions credit from a compliance regulated scheme, overcomes these concerns and empowers you to proactively reduce global carbon emission credits. These alternatives are investigated in the article “What are the alternatives to carbon offset / become carbon neutral”.

A More Meaningful Solution – Carbon Emission Credits
Carbon emission credits work like this. Through a simple and powerful initiative, you access a compliance regulated market to buy and cancel carbon emission credits. Cancelling carbon emissions credits from the limited pool of credits in the European Emissions Trading Scheme means there are fewer credits available to be used by industry to emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. You are taking away the rights of industry to emit carbon dioxide.

Fewer carbon emission credits helps drive investment in low-carbon solutions such as energy efficiencies and renewable energy, as emitters can use the money from the carbon credits they sell to fund their investments in low-carbon solutions. They are rewarded for emitting less carbon dioxide.

Carbon emission credits have been referred to as the ‘most pure’ form of carbon emission reduction. We call it the Climakind alternative to offset carbon emissions because it helps ensure your carbon emissions reduction efforts are proactive, high quality and secure.

You help speed up the transition to a low-carbon future.

Making it Simple
To make it simple, Climakind provides affordable and easily recognisable levels of participation. You can choose to cancel carbon emission credits equal to one year of your annual carbon emissions and instantly become a Gold member, or start with one month’s carbon emissions as a Bronze member.

All this makes being Climakind (ClimateKind – to be climate kind is to be kind to the climate) more than just a simple carbon offset or carbon neutral solution.

You can make a difference
Whether you are a business or an individual Climakind can help you reduce carbon emissions.

Help make a difference. Act now to reduce global carbon emissions and encourage investment in low carbon-solutions.

You can have a meaningful impact in the transition to a sustainable future. You can make a difference.

In these days of economic strife, we are sitting on the edge of our seats waiting for biofuels to hit the corner gas station. Why it’s taking so long is another matter and we have no clear answer on how long its going to take for biofuels to be a viable option in our community. The difference between biofuels and fossil fuels is the amount of time an organic material has been dead. Biofuels can be produced from any biological carbon source. Most common sources are photosynthetic plants. Also a wide array of different fuels ranging from water to White Lightning. White lightning, of course, being Ethanol.
Using water with electrically charged metal plates submerged into the water produces hydrogen gas, which if ran into your intake manifold, can save you some gas. The internet is flooded with this hydrogen generator and manuals on how to build it and install it. Why car manufacturers are choosing other avenues is a mystery. There are cars being made that are electric and run on hydrogen fuel, however, there are not many stations around that carry hydrogen, so where ever you go, may be a one way trip. Ethanol is produced with corn. It takes a lot of energy to produce. If you went a 100 miles with a gas vehicle, you would need one-third more ethanol to go the same hundred miles. Since it takes so much to produce Ethanol it will not be cheap and it will eat up food resources and since we will be growing for fuel, not food, corn and wheat prices will increase. There is research ongoing trying to extract ethanol from non food crops. You also need a bigger tank to store the Ethanol and one that is not prone to corrosion. That coupled with stronger hoses and equipment needed to run this fuel will increase the price of the vehicle.
BioGas is gas produced by anaerobic digestion. Essentially, gas produced by rotting garbage. Landfills are covered with plastic then buried with a pipe sticking out to release the pressurized gas. If it is not stored or burned these gasses are a potent form of greenhouse gas. This gas can be used in a couple of different ways, such as heating and the production of electricity.

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS

“DANGER OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN OUR HOMES AND OFFICES”

Many times we are not aware of the air impurities that linger in our homes and offices. The question is how dangerous is the indoor air we breathe?

In the last several years, the Environmental Protection Agency has indicated that the air within homes and other buildings can be more seriously polluted than the outdoor air in even the largest and most industrialized cities. Other research indicates that people spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors. Thus, for many people, the risks to health may be greater due to exposure to air pollution indoors than outdoors.

Good ventilation is important. There are signs that can indicate your home may not have enough ventilation: moisture condensation on windows or walls, smelly or stuffy air, dirty central heating and air cooling equipment, and areas where books, shoes, or other items become moldy. To detect odors in your home, step outside for a few minutes, and then upon reentering your home, note whether odors are noticeable.

There are 5 main pollutants active in your home or office that you should be aware of, and do something about. They are: mildew, cooking odors, pets, tobacco smoke and heating and air conditioning filter vents. Let’s look at each active air pollutants, its source, and its remedy.

Mildew is a big contributor in indoor air pollution. Mildew spores will grow anywhere there is moisture. You will find it in carpets, upholstery, a damp wall and bathroom. Mildews release disease-causing toxins. As it grows it spreads bacteria, which become airborne that causes health problems, such as allergies.

Cooking odors, are a combination of steam, oils and smoke. It is easy for these odors to travel around the house, and cling to walls and furniture. Soon the odors will age.

It can be a buffet for insects, like cockroaches. The cooking odors can be diminished by proper ventilation and clean oven air filters.

Pet odors are the most offensive odors in a house. Dogs rubbing their backs on the carpet, or sleeping near or on a sofa will leave their body oils and dander. Male cats marking their territory with pungent urine scent. These pet odors are hidden deep in your carpet and upholstery that will attract fleas, dust mites and lice, and creates a health hazard. Health experts claim that many health problems that children have come from playing on dirty carpets. It can cause allergies and rashes.

To remedy this problem, have your carpets vacuumed at least 3 times a week. For deep cleaning of your carpet, have a professional carpet cleaner do the job. Your carpet will be fresh and clean, which will reduce many health problems.

Tobacco smoke is one of the unhealthy indoor air pollutes in homes and offices. The smoker is inhaling a complex mixture of over 4,000 compounds, more than 40 of which are known to cause cancer. Tobacco smoke lingers on for days. It has the nature to cling on fabrics and walls. I have seen darkened walls at homes and apartments of people who smoked. The unhealthy fact is that nicotine and carbon monoxide are present in the sticky oily residue tobacco leaves behind on fabrics and walls.

Heating and air conditioning filters, are culprits, which cause unhealthy indoor air pollution in homes and offices.

Mechanical ventilation systems in large buildings are designed and operated not only to heat and cool the air, but also to draw in and circulate outdoor air.  Inadequate ventilation can occur if the air supply is blocked in such a way that outdoor air does not actually reach the breathing zone of building occupants. Improperly located air intake vents can also bring in air contaminated with automobile and truck exhaust, fumes from dumpstors, or air vented from restrooms. These air vents can also become a breeder for bacteria, mold and mildew. These toxins are airborne making  it unhealthy in working and living environments.

To insure your safety and those around you, invest in a good air cleaner. Air cleaners with a HEPA filter removes 99.9% of tobacco smoke, pollens, bacteria, harmful fibers, allergens and pollutants. There are many types and sizes of air cleaners on the market, ranging from relatively inexpensive tabletop models to sophisticated and expensive whole-house systems.

Indoor air pollution can be reduced, and make your home or office a healthy environment for your family and co -workers.

Design Requirements
Traditionally Hydropro has always put the needs of the customer into the forefront of its company philosophy. By doing this, Hydropro has always stayed abreast of the latest advancements in technology in the water treatment field. In this case, mostly because of the remote location (nearly everything, including fuel for the diesel generators, is delivered by ship), the most important customer needs were associated with conserving energy and maintaining reliability. Availability of replacement parts was also a major concern due to the remote location and the lead-time required to ship items to the island. Another concern Hydropro had to address was ease of operation and ease of maintenance, as the remote island of Ebye did not have any skilled RO plant operators. The end result would incorporate all these requirements to produce a reliable supply of potable water from a seawater source for the citizens of Ebye.

In the original RFP, KAJUR requested twin 75,000 gpd SWRO units (expandable to 100,000 gpd) designed for a seawater feed of 45,000 mg/l TDS. The proposal presented by Hydropro was for two Seawater Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment units each designed to produce 75,000 gallons per day. Permeate water was projected to be of less than 300 mg/l TDS based on feed water from seawater wells with a maximum TDS of 50,000 mg/l and an SDI of less than 3. Each unit was designed to be easily expandable to a daily capacity of 100,000 gallons by the addition of one pressure vessel containing seven seawater membranes. All instrumentation, piping, valves, headers and pumps were pre-sized to accommodate the expansion.

Each proposed SWRO system consisted of four pressure vessels containing seven membrane elements each arranged in a single, one-pass array. With the expansion, the system would consist of five pressure vessels in a single staged array. Each system was designed to operate at a 30-40% recovery rate, with a maximum trans-membrane (feed to product) pressure of 1100 psi at a feed water TDS of 50,000 mg/l. With a feed water TDS of 46,000 mg/l, the trans-membrane pressure was projected to be approximately 900 psi at startup and 950 psi after three years of operation.

System Design
The final, installed 100,000 gpd Hydropro design consisted of the following major components and unit operations for each SWRO unit:

• Sand and Particulate Filters: Two HYDROPRO Tubular filter units Model STF5M2-400- PVC/150 each consisting of one PVC housing with a 150-micron wedge wire PVC screen for the removal of sand and particles, with automatic purge valves
• Micron Filters: Three heavy-duty filter housings constructed of FRP/PVC and built to ASME Code X, the housings are Eden Model 24EFC each accommodating six (6) 40″ long five micron polypropylene cartridges
• RO High Pressure Booster Pumps: Two high pressure feed booster pumps Grundfos Model BM 17-27R (installed in series) – horizontal centrifugal, multi-stage construction of 904L Super Austenitic Stainless Steel, each driven by a 35 HP submersible type motor rated at 460V/60Hz/3Ø utilizing a Soft start motor starter and VFD RO Low Pressure Booster Pump: One booster pump Grundfos Model BM 30-4R – horizontal centrifugal, multi-stage type of 904L Super Austenitic Stainless Steel, driven by a 7.5 HP submersible type motor rated at 460V/60Hz/3Ø controlled by a variable frequency drive
• Membrane Modules: One FRP construction structural frame, five pressure vessels of FRP construction rated at 1200 psi operating pressure, 35 Thin Film Composite membrane elements ¬ 8″ x 40″, 2205 DUPLEX SS headers for feed and concentrate and Sch. 80 PVC for the permeate headers and low pressure feed, suction and concentrate piping, Allen- Bradley PLC SLC 5/04 based control system – installed in a NEMA 4X enclosure with system switches lights etc. installed on the panel door
• Chemical Feed Systems: One anti-scalant dosing system and one chlorine dosing system
• Freshwater Flush/Membrane Cleaning System

The system skid was designed and fabricated for a compact footprint due to limited installation space and to allow for shipping both units in a single container.
The entire system was pre-assembled as much as possible to minimize field services.

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Families living in big states with big cities like California and Texas often worry about the negative effects air pollution will have on the health of not only themselves but their loved ones. Many laws have been passed, and rules and regulations put into effect to help control air pollution in big cities like Houston and Los Angeles, but the truth is that pollutant levels can still be quite toxic. Many concerned citizens have made the switch to hybrid cars, written letters, signed petitions and eliminated the use of pesticides amongst other important measures, but air pollution is still a daily concern. What most people don’t realize is that air pollution is also a dangerous home security concern. In fact, indoor air has been shown to contain higher concentrations of hazardous pollutants than outdoor air in many cases. How can this be? There are several contributing factors that most families never think of.

In areas like California and Texas, keeping the heat out and the cool air or air conditioning in is a prime concern most of the year. Today, most homes are built with this in mind and features like storm windows, insulation, caulk, weather-stripping, and more are meant to keep every bit of cool air from seeping out. The downside is that natural ventilation is severely limited and the result can be a toxic level of pollutant buildup in the air. Not to mention, running an air conditioning unit, or especially a heating unit which uses kerosene, gas, wood or coal can fill the air with even more toxins. While families may feel more comfortable with the cooler temperature, they are creating a hazard which can lead to immediate symptoms and/or long term damage.

Air pollution is the most likely to affect children, the elderly, and pregnant women. These demographics are also those who spend the most time in the home. While most people have a smoke detector and maybe even a carbon monoxide or radon detector as part of their existing home security system, there is no way to detect each and every harmful element of air pollution that may enter the home. Activities like of course smoking, and cooking, heating the home, or even bathing can release dangerous chemicals and toxins. The easiest way to help eliminate some of the risk is to ventilate the home continually whether with a ventilation system or simply by opening the windows, especially when engaging in such activities. If opening the windows, be sure they feature safety latches to maintain good home security against not only air pollutants, but would-be intruders.

It can be a challenge to know which immediate physical symptoms might indicated air pollution inside the home, but they key to recognizing a problem is investigating a persistent symptom. A person who suddenly develops, for example, headaches, exhaustion, runny eyes or nose, a scratchy throat, asthma or another breathing disorder that is persistent and constant might be a victim of overexposure to air pollutants. Long term affects can include serious breathing disorders and even cancer. Families in California and Texas should take action today to create a safe home environment in which every family member can breathe easy.

Medical tourism is gradually becoming an integral part of the travel and tourism industry and thus a highly viable revenue generator. In fact airlines now days also come forward and cooperate in terms of their deals and services when a patient takes a trip to some distant place for a treatment. It is this cooperation between the travel and medical industry which made it possible for medical tourism to reach its present level of popularity and glory. And many countries across the globe have also developed a cordial relationship among each other through the medical tourists or in other words the cross-border patients.

Medical tourism has also enforced the concept of travel for a purpose and purpose does not necessarily mean a business purpose only. Rather something more important than that, because as they say “health is wealth”. Medical tourism has provided the opportunity to choose the best possible medical care without the restraints of any geographical boundaries. This seems to be one of the greatest blessings of the concept of globalisation. It has encouraged the friends and families of the patient to nurture a hope in their mind.

It cannot be denied that all this has become possible because world has become a very small place. And more than that almost every corner of the world has become accessible from any other corner. And this is made possible due to the massive advancement of transportation and communication system.  Indeed even a few years back people could not even dream of going to some other place for a medical treatment or for getting an important surgery done.

It goes without saying that every single sphere of life is interlinked and thus each and every industry is related to each other in some way or other. Thus with the development of the concept of global medical tourism all industries related to the concept have grown and expanded like that of the travel industry, the aviation industry, the telecommunication industry and so on and so forth. More and more travel packages have come up to cater to the requirements of the travelling patient and their companions. Travel agents started specializing on or focusing on this particular brand of tourism. Then again the software industry is coming up with new applications which help in keeping patient records in a more user-friendly manner. More and more websites are coming up focusing on offering patients with all services related to medical tourism at one place within just a few clicks.

Indeed medical tourism is gradually developing into a full grown industry in itself.

What the oil companies don’t want you to know. Were you aware that bio diesel, electric and HHO  technology is not as difficult or expensive as we have been led to believe? If you are reading this article, it is because you are searching for a way to help the environment and lower your auto fuel cost. There is a myth that people aren’t going to rush out and buy eco-friendly fuel efficient cars because of the price. I know there are other reasons  consumers aren’t buying the so-called cars of the future. I think a major drawback is the power we have to give up to save the planet. We love to accelerate. Of course the oil companies know all these things, and that is why most of the car companies, the American one’s in particular, still doesn’t offer a reliable, powerful, and fuel efficient line of automobiles. There is a reason why even imports, with all the talk of being so advanced in hybrid technology, don’t offer anything that gets more than forty MPG. They should be selling cars that get twice that MPG. The technology exits, and it is no where near as expensive as everyone leads us to believe. I have the proof, and I can show you how easy it is to convert your current auto or truck to be environmentally safe and unbelievably fuel efficient. I will give you the facts on three of the most well known conversions, and a source to find out more if you’re interested.
We will begin with biofuels.

There is a major difference between biofuels and biodiesel .The main difference is that biodiesel with little or no modification needed, can only be used in diesel engines. It is made from soybeans and can be used in its pure form, but it is usually mixed with standard diesel fuel. They do have a few very important aspects that are alike however. Biofuels, such as ethanol are made from corn and other crops. Like biodiesel, biofuels are not only stemming the tide of global warming but helping  support American agriculture. You can’t just dump a few gallons of vegetable oil in your tank however. You will ruin your engine. The conversion is grassroots technology, and for the most part a do it yourself process. Although the government seems to be behind it in theory, I wouldn’t go changing over until you investigate it thoroughly. If you are interested in learning more about homemade biodiesel however, there is a source.

Electric cars. Wow, how about that Tesla Motors. If you haven’t yet seen what their coming out with next year, it is amazing. The Model S is Beautiful, 250-300 mile range, and 0-60mph in less than six seconds. I think that most of us don’t have the $50k asking price however. Most of the manufacturers of electric cars just don’t get it. They expect that to save the planet we will put up with 50 mile range before having to recharge, and a  speed of 60mph. Well, there are some do it yourselfers’  that claim their conversion will give you 100 mile range, and it only cost a few hundred dollars. I think that if you are someone that does not drive on the highways often, an electric car might be perfect. In addition the government will give you a tax credit for driving a clean fuel vehicle.

Although hydrogen cells are what most experts claim to be the fuel of the future, I have found a grassroots movement that uses
water as fuel today. You will still  have to take the occasional trip to the gas pump, because water is supplemental to your gas or diesel fuel, and 100% water cars are still on the drawing board. Moreover,  extracting energy from water to double or triple your fuel economy is VERY EASY. This is not new technology. People have been using water to gas converters in vehicles for  years.  This is proven technology. Using a simple device, you can use the electricity from your battery to separate water (H2O) into a gas known as HHO.  HHO is two parts’ Hydrogen and one part Oxygen. HHO is a supercharged gas that burns effectively and produces significant energy, greatly improving your fuel economy.  Incredibly, the waste product is water! The green car of the future just might be sitting in your driveway. Because the hydrogen is produced On-Demand, this technology is perfectly safe for you and your passengers. Imagine going from 20-25 mpg,  to 50-60 mpg or more,  and at the same time reducing your carbon foot print.

Well these are the options you have if you’re not thinking of buying an electric or hybrid in the near  future. Obviously, I couldn’t go into great detail in this article, but if I have piqued your interest, you can get all the facts at:
My RecomMANNdations

You can also find sources to cheap new and used auction bargains, and companies that will give you a new car free or pay you to drive your own vehicle.

Incoming search terms:

• Hybrid Car Battery Dangers (2)