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The US is the second largest producer of biodiesel in the world, producing 17.7% of the world’s biodiesel in 2009. The biodiesel market in the US is expected to reach 2,822 million liters in 2010 and 3,662 million liters in 2015. The US biodiesel market is driven by the US’ desire to achieve greater energy independence and security. The country depends heavily on imports to fulfill its transportation and industrial fuel requirements. The US is currently importing about 65% of its oil consumption and this figure is expected to increase even further. This dependence on imported oil can be reduced by increasing the production and use of domestically produced biofuels. The biodiesel industry in the US is very young and is gradually picking up speed due to large financial incentives at the federal as well as the state level. The biofuel production in the US was around 37,403 million liters in 2009. Of this, 92.5% was bioethanol and the remaining 7.5% was biodiesel.

The US ethanol industry has also seen an unprecedented expansion due to its favorable market conditions and supportive policy incentives. The federal renewable fuels standard (RFS) has helped the expansion of the US ethanol industry by setting goals for the production of renewable fuels. Seven states (Hawaii, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Montana, Missouri and Washington) have enacted renewable fuel standards that require the use of ethanol-blended fuel. Currently, there are around 200 ethanol plants in the US with a production capacity of more than 48,000 million liters. The country’s bioethanol production increased from 7,080 million liters in 2001 to more than 34,609 million liters by the year 2009, at the CAGR of 20.4% during 2001-2009. Further during 2009-2015, bioethanol production growth in the US is likely to come down to 2% and the production is likely to be around 38,924 million liters by the year 2015.

This analysis was taken from a research paper published by GlobalData, to download the full Research Paper for free, click below:

http://www.researchviews.com/energy/clean-technology/biofuels/Viewpoints.aspx?sector=Biofuels&DocID=10674

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The US Environmental Protection Agency consistently works on new strategies aimed at providing a clearer strategy for industrial investment in air pollution controls. The tightening and widening of environmental legislations is one of the prime drivers of the air pollution control market. This market was created and is primarily driven by the mandates embodied in such regulations, since they call for reductions in hazardous air pollutants emitted from coal-fired power plants.

Regulations for the control of pollutants such as mercury are currently being formulated. This calls for technology advancement and the integration of new technology into the existing infrastructure and subsequently results in market growth with the rise in demand.

The Canadian government usually practices coordinating its emission reduction targets in line with US moves. Canada has 51 coal-fired plants producing 19% of the country’s electricity and 13% of its greenhouse gas emissions. However, 33 of these plants are expected to shutdown by 2025 unless the operators make substantial investments to cut emissions from these aging facilities. The regulations planned for the future are much stringent than he current ones for coal-fired power in the U S. The mandates require power plants to comply through different deadlines.

The Asia–Pacific region is witnessing significant growth in its air pollution control market on the back of its increasing coal-fired power capacity. This increasing capacity directly demands higher production of Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) and particulate matter removal equipment. Nitrous Oxide (NOX) removal is also expecting a promising future with upcoming regulations in certain Asia–Pacific countries.

GBI Research, a leading business intelligence provider, has released its latest research, “Air Pollution Control Market for Coal Fired Power Plants to 2020 – Increasing Plant Capacity to Present Growth Opportunities”. The report gives an in-depth analysis of the global Air Pollution Control Equipment (APCE) market for coal-fired power plants, covering four major regions – North America (USA and Canada), Europe, Asia–Pacific and the Rest of the World (South and Central America, the Middle East and Africa). The research analyzes the regulatory framework in the three most significant regions – North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, and the impact of regulations on the air pollution control market for coal-fired power plants. The report covers market revenue forecasts for the air pollution control market for all the regions mentioned, and it also provides a detailed forecast of the market’s revenues by product type – Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD), Nitrous Oxides (NOx), Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) and Fabric Filters up to 2020. The report also includes geographic and cost analysis data for each product type. This report is built using data and information sourced from proprietary databases, primary and secondary research, and in-house analysis by GBI Research’s team of industry experts.

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Air Pollution Control Market for Coal – Fired Power Plants to 2020 – Increasing Plant Capacity to Present Growth Opportunities

The report gives an in-depth analysis of the global Air Pollution Control Equipment (APCE) market for coal-fired power plants, covering four major regions – North America (USA and Canada), Europe, Asia–Pacific and the Rest of the World (South and Central America, the Middle East and Africa). The research analyzes the regulatory framework in the three most significant regions – North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, and the impact of regulations on the air pollution control market for coal-fired power plants. ( http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=153458&rt=Air-Pollution-Control-Market-for-Coal-Fired-Power-Plants-to-2020-Increasing-Plant-Capacity-to-Present-Growth-Opportunities.html )

The report covers market revenue forecasts for the air pollution control market for all the regions mentioned, and it also provides a detailed forecast of the market’s revenues by product type – Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD), Nitrous Oxides (NOx), Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) and Fabric Filters up to 2020. The report also includes geographic and cost analysis data for each product type.

Market Penetration of Mercury Control Technology Driven by MACT and Set to Expand Air Pollution Control Market
The Mercury Emission Control (MEC) business is currently being driven by the rules and regulations of 19 states in USA and several Canadian provinces. The MEC market is set to expand with new and more comprehensive Federal rules. Since the US Clean Air Act requires that all Maximum Achievable Control Technology MACT regulations drafted by the EPA for coal-fired boilers, covering 189 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) including mercury (which is expected to be finalized by 2011), be met within 36 months, this is expected to create a sharp increase in market demand resulting in an expansion of the market starting late next year as utilities accelerate their efforts to become compliant by 2014.

Air Pollution Mitigation through Pollution Prevention Technologies Poses Threat to the Market
The high capital and operational costs of the APC technologies hinder their adoption. This in turn increases companies’ focus towards less expensive, mitigation-at-source technologies. Additionally, air pollution prevention technologies in this regard have the added advantage of high environmental performance.

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Biofuels have seen a spurt in the US and the EU, with the latter planning to increase its annual production to about 10% of its liquid fuels by 2020. The United States has set up an ambitious target to produce about 8 billion gallons annually by 2012 and about 40 billion gallons by 2022. Though the energy companies are widening their portfolios to include biofuels, the move is fraught by significant challenges such as types of fuels to be used, regulations and regulatory approvals, increased usage of land for cultivating biofuel crops and diversion of food crops for fuel production which is resulting in the increase of food prices.

This report analyses the global market for Biofuels and the product segments analyzed in this report include Ethanol and Biodiesel. Rich statistical analysis is carried out for the global and the regional markets including the United States, Brazil, European Union, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World. The regional markets further analyzed for European Union – Germany, Sweden, France, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and Rest of EU; Asia-Pacific – China, India, Australia and Rest of Asia-Pacific.

Global market for Biofuels is projected to grow by a CAGR of 12.9% during the period 2006-2015 to reach US$ 61.5 billion by 2015. The report comprises 112 rich data tables, supported with meaningful and easy to understand graphical presentation, of market numbers. The statistical tables represent the data for the global market value/consumption volumes by geographic regions and the product segments.

The report covers the profiles of 51 key global players and 79 major players for The North America – 46; Brazil – 2; European Union – 21; Asia-Pacific – 6; and Rest of World – 4. The report also provides the listing of the companies engaged in research, technology development, equipment manufacturing and the supply of biofuels. The global list covers addresses, contact numbers and the website addresses of 692 companies.

Table of Contents

1. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Product Segmentation
1.3 Biofuels Production Analysis
1.4 Snapshot on Global Biofuel Policies
1.5. Market Trends
1.6 Key Global Players
1.7 Key Business Trends
1.8 Global Market Overview
1.8.1 Market Overview by Product Segment
1.8.2 Product Segment Overview by Geographic Region
1.8.2.1 Ethanol
1.8.2.2 Biodiesel
2. REGIONAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
2.1 Regional Market Overview
2.1.1 The United States
2.1.2 Brazil
2.1.3 European Union
2.1.3.7 European Union Market Overview by Country
Germany
Sweden
France
Spain
Italy
The United Kingdom
Rest of European Union
2.1.4 Asia-Pacific
2.1.4.7 Asia-Pacific Market Overview by Country
China
India
Australia
Rest of Asia Pacific
2.1.5Rest of World
3. GUIDE TO THE INDUSTRY
3.1 United States
3.2 Brazil
3.3 European Union
3.4 Asia-Pacific
3.5 Rest of World
3.5.1 Argentina
3.5.2 Canada
3.5.3 Chile
3.5.4 Israel
3.5.5 Lebanon
3.5.6 Papua New Guinea
3.5.7 South Africa
3.5.8 South Korea
3.5.9 South Korea
3.5.10 Tanzania
4. ANNEXURE
4.1 Research methodology
4.2 The Questionnaire
4.3 Feedback

Major Global Market Players

Alco Biofuel
Algenol
American Ethanol Group
Aquaflow Bionomic
Argent Energy
Arkenol Fuels
Aurora Biofuels
Australian Biodiesel Group Ltd
Aventine Renewable Fuels Limited
BioFuel Energy Corp.
Biofutures International Plc
BioGasol
Blue Sky Bio-Fuels
BlueFire Ethanol Fuels, Inc.
British Petroleum Company PLC
Cavitation Technologies, Inc.
Chevron Corporation
China Clean Energy Inc.
Consolidated Biofuels, Inc.
Cosan Limited
Coskata
DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol Llc
EOP Biodiesel AG
ETH Bioenergia
Evolution Fuels, Inc.
and more…

Download a free brochure at http://industry-experts.com/brochure-biofuels/

For more details please visit http://industry-experts.com/research-estore/biotechnology/biofuels/

Biofuels Market in China 2010

Biofuels has huge growth potential in China as domestic and foreign biofuel producers have either started their production facilities or are working on the feasibility plan of establishing a facility. Recently, domestic and foreign players have formed joint ventures to develop second generation biofuels. The government is taking initiatives by investing in the development of marginal land on which non food crops are grown for the production of biofuels. Development of second generation biofuels along with government’s support will drive the biofuels market in China. ( http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=154292&rt=Biofuels-Market-in-China-2010.html )

The report begins with an introduction of biofuels market indicating different types of biofuels and its respective feedstocks. This is followed by an overview of the bioethanol and biodiesel market including its production capacity and different available feedstocks used for the same. It further talks about the development of second generation biofuels i.e. cellulosic ethanol.

An analysis of drivers explain factors contributing to the growth of biofuels market including depleting and dependency on oil reserves, rising automotive sector, degradation of environment, international partnerships and social impact. The key challenges identified include scarcity of land and water and food security. Government initiatives have been discussed indicating the subsidies given to develop the market.

Competition section provides brief profiles of major domestic and foreign players in the market. The section contains a snapshot of their corporation, financial performance and business highlights, providing an insight into the existing competitive scenario.

For more information kindly visit : http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=154292&rt=Biofuels-Market-in-China-2010.html

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GBI Research’s report, “The Global Carbon Trading Market – Concepts, Regulations and Industry Trends to 2020″ provides an in-depth analysis on the global carbon trading market. The report provides the latest information on the value, volume and price of the emissions traded in primary project-based mechanisms such as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) and secondary CDM, and allowance markets such as the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and Assigned Amount Units (AAUs). The report provides a scenario-based forecast of the carbon market up to 2020. The report provides an overview on various carbon registries, carbon exchanges and the major companies participating in the carbon trade. The research work provides indispensable assessment of risk and opportunities for the corporate in the carbon constraint environment. Regulatory efforts to mitigate climate change have spawned an emerging carbon market that grew at compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 89% to reach 8.3 billion in 2009. The EU’s initiatives to build a broad, globally linked carbon market, the prospective US Federal cap-and-trade program and the strong emergence of other regional market trading mechanisms will drive the carbon market significantly beyond 2012.

Scope

Key market data on the volume and market value of carbon allowances, covering both project-based transactions and allowance-based transactions from 2004–2009.
Analysis on all global carbon market exchanges — the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), Australian Climate Exchange, World Green Exchange etc.
Historic pricing trends for carbon in various exchanges and project-based transactions from 2005–2009.
Forecasts of the global carbon trading market up to 2020 based on likely scenarios that might emerge in the future.
Impact assessment of key carbon regulations and policies and their impact on the growth of global carbon trading market.
Analyzes market-based instruments such as certifications and standards used in carbon trading in 2009.
Overview on investment firms, infrastructure and energy service providers, advisory companies, financial firms, brokerage firms, carbon solution providers and other auditing firms participating in carbon trade.
Key emission trading companies covered include 3 Degrees Incorporated, APX Incorporated, Baker & McKenzie, Blue Source, CantorCO2e, Climate Focus and Credit Suisse
Assessment of risk and opportunities for the corporate in the carbon constraint environment

Reasons to buy

Navigate the carbon emission market landscape through detailed analysis of the current carbon market dynamics and potential changes
Identify the most promising geography to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, in order to minimize carbon taxes.
Identify the most promising geography to invest in the unconventional and renewable energy sectors to minimize carbon taxes.
Develop custom strategies for different geographies based on the stringency of the carbon policy in the respective geography.
Develop business strategies with the help of specific insights into policy decisions being taken on the carbon credits trade by EU 27, the US, Australia and other developed and emerging countries worldwide.
Identify risks associated with tightening carbon emission cap and transform them into opportunities for future growth.

1 Table of Contents 6

1.1 List of Tables 8
1.2 List of Figures 9

2 Introduction 10

2.1 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Their Impact on Global Carbon Trading Markets 10 2.1.1 Impact of Greenhouse Gases on Ecology 10
2.1.2 Naturally Occurring Carbon Cycle 11
2.1.3 Global Initiatives to Reduce Carbon Footprint 12

3 Origins of Carbon Trading Market and Exchanges 14

3.1 Evolution of Carbon Trading Market 14
3.2 Global and Regional Carbon Exchanges 15

4 Kyoto Protocol, a Precursor of Emissions Trading Systems 17

4.1 Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) 19 4.1.1 CDM Project Activity Cycle 20
4.1.2 Joint Implementation (JI) and Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) 20
4.1.3 Emission Trading 28

5 Global Carbon Trading Market: Dynamics and Statistics 29

5.1 Global Carbon Trading Market Overview 29
5.2 Global Allowance Markets 31 5.2.1 The EU Emission Trading Scheme: Still the Most Prominent Carbon Market 32
5.2.2 The US Market 33
5.2.3 The Australian Market 35

5.3 Global Project-based Market 36 5.3.1 Primary Project-based Market 37
5.3.2 Secondary Project-based Market 56

5.4 Post 2012 Market Uncertainty: Scenario Based Forecast to 2020 57 5.4.1 Linear Growth: Moderate Market with Current Programs and Policies 57
5.4.2 Scaling Up: Implementation of US Cap-and-Trade Program and EU Integrated Systems 59
5.4.3 Global Reach: Collaboration of EU, the US and Developing Nations 61

6 Global Carbon Credits Market Policy Framework Facilitating Emissions Trading 63

6.1 Overview of Regulatory Framework for Emission Trading Systems 63 6.1.1 American Clean Energy and Security Act and its Implications 63
6.1.2 European Union’s Climate Change Policy 64
6.1.3 Climate Change Initiatives in Canada and Prospects for Emissions Trading 67
6.1.4 Australia’s Climate Change Initiatives will Aid the Emission Trading Mechanism 67

6.2 Increasing Role of International Emissions Trading and International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) in Boosting the Market 68 6.2.1 Objectives of IETA 68
6.2.2 Programs by IETA 68

6.3 Various Regulatory Frameworks and Regional Initiatives in the US 69 6.3.1 American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 70
6.3.2 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in the US 71
6.3.3 California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 AB 32 73
6.3.4 Western Climate Initiative (WCI) 73
6.3.5 Midwestern Regional GHG Reduction Accord (MGGRA) 74
6.3.6 EPA Climate Leaders 74
6.3.7 Hawaii Global Warming Solutions Act of 2007 74
6.4 European Union Emissions Trading System Promotes Emissions Trading Market 75
6.4.1 EU ETS 75
6.4.2 Revised EU ETS 75

6.5 Japan’s Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan and Other Voluntary Markets 77
6.6 Emission Reduction Schemes of Australia 78 6.6.1 New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme 78
6.6.2 Greenhouse Challenge Plus 78
6.6.3 Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme 78

6.7 Canadian Government’s Measures and Initiatives Drive Carbon Trading 79
6.8 Global Carbon Credits Standards 79 6.8.1 American Carbon Registry Standard 80
6.8.2 The Climate Action Reserve Protocols 81
6.8.3 The CarbonFix Standard 81
6.8.4 Chicago Climate Exchange Offsets Program 81
6.8.5 Climate, Community, and Biodiversity Standards 81
6.8.6 EPA Climate Leaders Offset Guidance 81
6.8.7 Greenhouse Gas Services Standard 81
6.8.8 The Gold Standard 82
6.8.9 Greenhouse Friendly 82
6.8.10 ISO 14064 Standards 82
6.8.11 Plan Vivo 82
6.8.12 Social Carbon Standard 82
6.8.13 TUV NORD Climate Change Standard and VER+ Standard 82
6.8.14 Voluntary Carbon Standard 83

7 Competitive Landscape of Emission Trading Companies 84

7.1 3 Degrees Incorporated 84
7.2 APX Incorporated 84
7.3 Baker & McKenzie 84
7.4 Blue Source 84
7.5 CantorCO2e 84
7.6 Climate Focus 85
7.7 Credit Suisse 85
7.8 EcoSecurities Group 85
7.9 Equator LLC 85
7.10 MGM International 85
7.11 Natsource 85
7.12 RNK Capital LLC 86
7.13 Sterling Planet, Incorporated 86
7.14 Tradition Financial Services/TFS Energy/TFS Green 86
7.15 TUV SUD America 86

8 Corporate Sustainability in a Changing Landscape 87

8.1 Carbon Exposure Risks 87
8.2 Carbon Exposure Opportunities 88
8.3 Carbon Emission Intensity by Sector 88
8.4 Companies are Expanding the Horizons of Sustainability Practices — New Initiatives in Carbon Sustainability 89 8.4.1 Chevron Corporation — Multifaceted Response to Climate Change 89
8.4.2 Walmart Stores, Inc. — Sustainability Mandate throughout the Supply Chain 91
8.4.3 General Electric Co. — Ecomagination Initiative, Revenue Opportunities from Climate Change Solutions 92

9 Appendix 94

9.1 About GBI Research 94
9.2 Abbreviations 94
9.3 Methodology 96 9.3.1 Coverage 97
9.3.2 Secondary Research 97
9.3.3 Primary Research 97
9.3.4 Expert Panel Validation 98

9.4 Contact Us 98
9.5 Disclaimer 98

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South Africa is not yet actively involved in big scale biofuels production. Interest is high and the industry is eagerly awaiting the formal announcement of the official policy on biofuels, which will set the stage for the development.

This report is a complete coverage of the ethanol and biodiesel market in South Africa.

Biofuel is any fuel that is derived from biomass – recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as manure from cows. It is a renewable energy source, unlike other natural resources such as petroleum, coal, and nuclear fuels.

Ethanol is manufactured from microbial conversion of biomass materials through fermentation. Ethanol contains 35% oxygen. The production process consists of conversion of biomass to fermentable sugars, fermentation of sugars to ethanol, and the separation and purification of the ethanol. Fermentation initially produces ethanol containing a substantial amount of water. Distillation removes the majority of water to yield about 95% purity ethanol, the balance being water. This mixture is called hydrous ethanol. If the remaining water is removed in a further process, the ethanol is called anhydrous ethanol and is suitable for blending into gasoline. Ethanol is “denatured” prior to leaving the plant to make it unfit for human consumption by addition of a small amount of products such as gasoline.

Biodiesel fuels are oxygenated organic compounds – methyl or ethyl esters – derived from a variety of renewable sources such as vegetable oil, animal fat, and cooking oil. The oxygen contained in biodiesel makes it unstable and requires stabilization to avoid storage problems. Rapeseed methyl ester (RME) diesel, derived from rapeseed oil, is the most common biodiesel fuel available in Europe. In the United States, biodiesel from soybean oil, called soy methyl ester diesel, is the most common biodiesel. Collectively, these fuels are referred to as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).

Table Of Contents :

List of Figures and Tables 3

Executive Summary 4

What are Biofuels? 6

Introduction to Biofuels 6
Biomass Power Systems 8
Background 10
What are the Major Biofuels? 11
Utilization of Biofuels 14
Analysis of Ethanol 16
Analysis of Biodiesel 18
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Biofuels 19
What the Future Holds for Biofuels
24

South Africa�s Energy Industry 26

Overview 26
Oil Market 26
Natural Gas Market 32
Coal in South Africa 33

Biofuels in South Africa 34

Introduction 34
Biofuels in South Africa vs Rest of the World 34
Government Policy towards Biofuels 36
Market Profile 37
Biofuel Value Chain Analysis 41
Feedstock Production 42
Production Costs 44
Environmental Effect of Biofuel Production 44
Challenges Facing the Industry 47
Growth Drivers for Biofuels in South Africa 47
Is Biofuel Production a Threat to Food Security in South Africa? 48

Biodiesel Market in South Africa 56

Market Size 56
Policies Favoring the Development of the Market 58
Capital Investment 63
Manufacturing Costs 68

Major Players 73

Ethanol Africa 73

No material contained in this report may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express written permission of Energy Business Reports This report is intended for the sole and exclusive use of the original purchaser and may not be distributed or transferred in any form to any other person or entity.

The information in this report was prepared by Energy Business Reports and Energy Business Reports has used reasonable efforts in collecting, preparing and providing quality information and material, but does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy or completeness, adequacy or currency of the information contained in this report Users of the information do so at their own risk and should independently corroborate said information prior to any use of it The information contained in this report is not to be construed as advice Energy Business Reports does not undertake to advise the recipient or any other reader of this report of changes in its opinions or information This information is provided �as is� and Energy Business Reports assumes no liability for and User(s) acknowledges that Energy Business Reports shall have no liability for any uses, lawful or otherwise, made by User(s) of the information contained in this report.

Sasol 75
Biodiesel One 76

Appendix 77

GLOSSARY 84

Abbreviations 84
Units of Measure 87
Terms 88

About the Publisher 92

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figures

Figure 1: South Africa Crude Imports, 2006 27
Figure 2: South Africa’s Oil Production and Consumption, 1986-2006 28
Figure 3: South African Oil Refinery Capacity 2007 29
Figure 4: Top Recoverable Coal Reserves Holders 33
Figure 5: Diagrammatic Value Chain 41
Figure 6: Capital Investment Needed for a Biodiesel Plant 67
Figure 7: �Net Feedstock Costs� per ton Biodiesel of the Different Feed Stocks 71
Figure 8: Cost Contribution to Total Manufacturing Cost of a SEBP Plant 72
Figure 9: Average Potential Ethanol Produced (1988/89 – 2005/06) 77
Figure 10: The World’s Largest Producers of Ethanol 78
Figure 11: Biofuels: A Subset of Renewable Energy 80
Figure 12: Global Ethanol Production, 2006 81
Figure 13: Biofuels Immediate Value Chain 82
Figure 14: Relative Global Production Economics for Ethanol 83

Tables

Table 1: South Africa Produced 244 Million Liters of Liquid Fuel Products in 2006 42
Table 2: Quantity of Feedstock Use in Biofuels Production 45
Table 3: Estimated Biofuels Production/Consumption/Trade 45
Table 4: Estimated 2006 Production Costs 44
Table 5: Saving of GHG Emissions and Associated Value to Credit the Production Process 51
Table 6: Future Biodiesel Needed to Replace Fraction of Fossil Diesel in South Africa 64
Table 7: Fixed Capital Cost for a Biodiesel Production Plant 71
Table 8: Total Capital Investment for Biodiesel Plants in South Africa 73
Table 9: Manufacturing Costs of a SEBP Plant Using Canola as Feedstock 76
Table 10: Manufacturing Costs of a SEBP Plant Using Soybeans as Feedstock 77
Table 11: Forecasts for World Ethanol Market 2010 79

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This report is the most comprehensive treatment of the biofuels market available. Worldwide data is provided on biorefineries, conversion and separation technologies, manufacturing, research and development, organic biofuels, consumption, capacity, components and competition.

This report delves into the global efforts to develop technologies that improve the refining processes associated with many different types of biofuels and its growing consumption among nations throughout the next few decades.

Biofuel is expected to become a major renewable resource to produce fuel, electricity, heat, and other sources of power. To compete with other energy types will require development and implementation of an enhanced biorefinery process that minimizes its impact on local environments. Developing sustainable fractionation and separation technologies will be a key factor for the success of refining biomasses into renewable energy.

Biorefinery technology differs from traditional oil based refinery technology because it will be mainly water-based. Today’s biofuels involve either ethanol or diesel, with the former accounting for roughly 90 percent of the market. Brazil, the United States, and China are the greatest producers. More than half of the world’s bioethanol is generated from sugar cane; the rest comes mainly from corn. Biodiesel is mostly derived from rapeseed and sunflower.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Outlook for Biofuel Consumption
External Factors Affect Growth of Biofuels
Food Prices Fuel Biomass Debate
United States Remains Hotbed of Biomass Activity
Biofuel Technology Research
Global Market Values
Manufacturing, by Country, 2009 and 2014 (in $ millions)
Shipments of Organic Biomass Feedstocks
Imports of Organic Biomass
U.S. Shipments of Biomass Conversion Technology Components
U.S. Backs Biofuel Innovations
Federal Funding Fuels Innovation
Innovations in Biorefineries
Innovations in Biofuel Processing
Biofuel Energy Policy Fuels Debate
Biofuel’s Effect on Food Prices
Biofuels Lobbying Efforts
Global Policies toward Biofuels
Market Value Forecast Through 2014

Chapter 2: Introduction and Overview
Report Scope
Methodology
Terminology
Future Biomass Conversion Technologies
First- and Second-Generation Liquid Biofuels
Ethanol Production Processes
Biomass Feedstocks

Chapter 3: World Bioenergy Activities & Technologies
External Factors Affect Growth of Biofuels
Food Prices Fuel Biomass Debate
United States Remains Hotbed of Biomass Activity
Biofuel Technology Research
Reduction of Greenhouse Gases

Chapter 4: World Biomass Market Trends
Shipments of Organic Biomass Feedstocks
Manufacturing, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)
Biodiesel Trade Market in Flux
Imports of Organic Biomass
U.S. Shipments of Biomass Conversion Technology Components
Imports of Technology Components
Biomass Conversion Technology Exports
Market Value Forecast Through 2014

Chapter 5: Manufacturer Profiles
Archer Daniels Midland (ADM)
Bunge
CHS
Royal Dutch Shell
Foster Wheeler
Wilmar
Tenaska

Chapter 6: Innovations in Biofuel Technology
U.S. Backs Biofuel Innovations
Diversity of Cellulosic Feedstocks
Federal Funding Fuels Innovation
DOE Funds Advanced Biofuels Projects
Innovations in Biorefineries
Whole Crop Biorefineries
Ligno Cellulosic Feedstock Biorefineries (LCFBR)
Green Biorefineries
Two Platform Concept Biorefinery (TPCBR)
Marine Biorefinery (MBR)
Thermo Chemical Biorefinery (TCBR)
Innovations in Biofuel Processing
Advances in Ethanol Separation Technologies
Germ and Fiber Separation
Enzymatic Dry Milling
Dry Fractionation
Ammonia Process in the Wet Mill
Continuous Membrane Reactor for Starch Hydrolysis
Alkali Wet Milling
High-Gravity Fermentation
Improved Yeast
Conversion of Pentose Sugars to Ethanol
Enzymes for Liquefaction and Saccharification
Enzymes to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide
Distillation Technology
Control Systems
Environmental Technologies
Biodiesel Derived From Tallow

Chapter 7: Consumers of Biofuels
Biofuel Energy Policy Fuels Debate
Feedstock Implications
Legislation Favors E85 Production
Biofuel’s Effect on Food Prices
Studies Point to Ethanol’s Effect on Food Prices
Biofuels Lobbying Efforts
Global Policies Toward Biofuels
European Union Changes Biofuel Composition
Japan Continues Import Strategy
India Ethanol Blends Fluctuate
China Steps Up Corn Ethanol Production