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Posts Tagged ‘waste’

Human being has so many kinds of activity which associated with their basic behavior or anything else which can be supportive for the basic natural activity. People have to eat and we can assure that the process for producing food will have some waste which has to be treated properly. Waste is something which can be avoided in the household and we can assure that there are more and more wastes which can be found outside the household of course. It has to be treated properly but first it has to be placed properly.

There is no one who expects that they will find waste everywhere in our house because we want to get the house which is comfortable enough. Since the waste in household is normal thing, we just have to assure that we treat it properly by placing it in the right place. The treatment for waste will be different according to the type of waste itself but we can assure that there will be support of waste management which we can get. We can get the cardboard balers which can be great support for keeping environment from misplaced waste.

There are some other options which can be found and it will include everything needed for the application of recycling.

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The preventive pre-treatment environmental actions are safer, faster, better and in all included less costly versus the “end-of-the-pipe” post treatment solutions.

The “3R” novel indirectly heated rotary kiln pyrolysis and torrefaction technology provides carbonization / pyrolysis added value of carboniferous materials.

The goal of the 3R technology is to provide cost efficient and for long term environmentally sustainable carbon refining solution for energetic, agricultural and environmental applications. The main component of the 3R is a specially designed, indirectly fired, patented rotary reactor in which organics in a reductive environment are carbonised. e.g. gas-out and decomposed, in low vacuum (0-50 Pascal) up to the material core temperature 850°C degrees Celsius (1,562°F, degrees Fahrenheit). The carbonization temperature selection is feed material specific and in most cases temperatures between 450°C to 550°C (842°F – 1022°F) is sufficient for high efficient thermal decomposition under vacuum. The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities. The basic material with <15 w/w % moisture content is introduced directly into the 3R reactor, or optionally pre dried. By control of the carbonization process, different types of pre-defined carbon end products can be produced, as of commercial production demanded schedule. The volatile HAPs are safely removed in the reduced volume of gas-vapor stream and converted to syngas and turned into surplus electric power. The standard industrial scale is from 30,000 m3/year (4 m3/h) continuous throughput capacity and optional larger capacities are available up to 420,000 m3/year (56 m3/h). Both electric fired and gas fired versions are available in full scale industrial design.

3R PYROLYSIS APPLICATION AREAS:

AGROCARBON: plant and/or animal bone meal basic material biomass carbonization and integrated biotechnological processing for biochar soil applications,

ENERGY clean coal processing: organic Sulphur removal fro coal streams by pyrolysis pre treatment process; bio-oil refinery to transport fuel quality.

WASTE MANAGEMENT: treatment of solid hazardous and/or non hazardous waste streams for environmental purpose with energy recycling;

3R PYROLYSIS Advantages:

Feedstock Flexibility: application of pre-treated multi fuels from wider fuel selection and availability.

Technology Flexibility: The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities.

Zero Emission: The 3R is closed system, all process streams are recycled and reused for economical production of added value products.

Cost Reduction: decrease of overall production costs when all true value costs are calculated, including the environmental costs as well.

Improved Safety: application of preventive measures and separated downsized treatment of HAPs.

Process limitation: at refined carbon production the high input moisture content of the raw feed material is limiting factor, for waste management there is no limiting factor.

The innovative 3R technology opens new technical, economical and environmental ways to economically convert and valorize organic and/or inorganic by-products and/or waste streams into added value usefully refined products, while zero emission performance achieved. . The 3R inventor is the Swedish environmental engineer Edward Someus. Although the advanced high tech performance of the 3R industrial scaled design, the comprehensive solution does not containing exotic technical solutions and/or construction materials. Available for licensing.

THE “3R” PYROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY: Economical carbon refining of organic byproducts by low temperature carbonization pre-treatment process

The 3R (Recycle–Reduce–Reuse) Low Temperature Carbonization Process technology represents the original solution advanced new generation of solid feedstock-based carbon refining production system. By pre-treatment it breaks down any carbon-based feedstock into its basic constituents and removes contamination by preventive measure. This enables the preventive separation of HAP’s to produce refined carbon and clean syngas for efficient and improved electricity generation. The 3R technology may be applied as vital component for an integrated strategy towards near zero emission targets to combine technologies for environmentally sustainable and economical biochar processing and/or solid fuel power generation, including but not limited to the advantageous interlink to other cost efficient GHG management technologies to decrease or even removal of output green house gases, such as CO2.

The hearth of the 3R technology is the unique pyrolysis rotary kiln original and innovative solution design, which makes viable the reductive thermal decomposition – low temperature carbonization – of any organic feed material under stable conditions in reduced process streams.

The prime environmental aspects of the 3R technology are the safety, prevention and comprehensive treatment. The 3R technology meets the EU and the U.S. environmental norms and standards for long term, including the U.S. RCRA Miscellaneous Units 40 CFR 264 Subpart X with the following main characteristics for the 3R thermal treatment unit:

Thermal Desorption Chamber: indirect-fired heat source used for primary desorption chamber, relatively low operating temperature.

Air Pollution Control Devices “APCD”: non-destructive APCD used.

Waste Residual Management: treatment of residuals is separate from the desorber,

whereas the (1) primary desorption chamber, (2) condensation or burning of pyrolysis gas vapours and (3) non destructive APCD off gas scrubber are separate devices, whereas (a) treated solids, (b) condensate residuals, (c) APCD residuals, (d) organic air emission, (e) metal air emission, and the (f) acid gas emission treatment are according to all the relevant comprehensive U.S. regulatory requirements for Operational Control, Residuals and Air Emission Parameters. The environmental purpose of 3R thermal desorption is to volatilize contaminant streams in small process gas volumes and to remove them from the treatment chamber for subsequent treatment. From permit legislative point of view it should be noted that the treatment standards in the U.S. relevant legislation Sec. 268.45 for thermal destruction specifically exclude thermal desorbers.

3R pilot plant with industrial like performance has been built in Hungary under the EU FP5 NNNE5/363/2001 project (2001-2005). The pilot plant has a throughput capacity of up to 265 kg/h feed material and includes all vital components for the technology, such as indirectly heated rotary kiln, post burner, off gas scrubber, heat exchangers and process control electronics with software. Further agro industrial application has been developed under large scale European Union development programme EU FP6 514082 project (2005-2008), where comprehensive scientific and industrial scale up “biochar to soil” technology has been developed and tested in seven EU countries and Israel.

For pre-treatment a specific purpose designed, developed and patented pyrolysis technology used, “3R”, consisting of a horizontally arranged externally heated rotary kiln, where the contaminated feed material is carbonized and decomposed in true reductive environment under less than 850°C material temperature and vacuum. Specific pyrolysis gas-vapor post burner, multi venturi off-gas treatment scrubber and carbon heat exchanger used, which makes the 3R technology comprehensive and complete solutions. The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities. The volatile HAPs are safely removed in the reduced volume of gas-vapor stream and converted to syngas, while the refined Clean Coal solid end product is utilized. “Product like” pilot plant has been built and successfully tested under semi industrial conditions in Hungary since 2005. Nine different types of feed materials (three types of brown coals with different S and ash content, hard coal, four types of biomass – straw, grain, wood chip, sawdust, animal bone meal), totally 111 tons, have been tested with up to 265 kg/h throughput capacity under 1779 hrs, incl. 594 hrs continuous run. The technical viability of the comprehensive 3R technology is demonstrated, including EU compatible industrial permitting from ten different Authorities and certification of ISO 9001 and 14001. Full scale application is designed with modular installation up to 420,000 m3/year solid fuel throughput.

The strategic aspect of the overall 3R technology development scientific/technological objectives is to develop highly flexible solid fuel pretreatment option to be developed and applied to achieve comprehensive benefits as follows:

 Feedstock Flexibility: flexible choice by multi feed.

 Technology Flexibility: The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities.

 Zero Pollutants: removed environmental impacts (HAP, GHG).The 3R is closed system, all process streams are recycled and reused for economical production of added value products.

 Total Cost Reduction: ecrease of overall production costs when all true value costs are calculated, including

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